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The research conducted a beneficial exploration of the soil water status of orchards in the Loess Plateau region, but mostly focused on the regulation and management of soil moisture, or the comparison of soil water differences in different ecosystems, and the soil moisture status after fruit trees were planted on a large area in the same typical region. Without a systematic study, there is no necessary understanding of the effects of fruit tree growth and survival on soil moisture.
Soil moisture is influenced by the intensity of precipitation, plant uptake and use, and soil evaporation, and often shows significant vertical heterogeneity. The classical statistical analysis of the actual soil samples of orchard soil moisture can explain macroscopically the spatial general characteristics of orchard soil moisture. With soil moisture content as the calculation variable, spatial variability was determined by counting the extremes, mean values, standard deviations, and coefficient of variation of water content at each level.
The sample obtained by sampling the area was analyzed by a soil temperature and humidity recorder and it was found that the moisture content in the soil was stratified. The content of soil moisture in the orchard was the highest in the 0-100 cm layer, which was mainly due to the fact that the amount of precipitation supplemented by soil moisture at this level was relatively the largest, while the amount of water absorbed and utilized by the fruit tree root system was relatively small. The average soil water content in the 100-200cm layer was significantly lower than that in the upper layer, and the coefficient of variation was the highest among all levels. The reason was that this layer was the dense layer of fruit tree root distribution, and the soil moisture within the layer was the most affected by the root activity of the fruit tree due to various investigations. The differences in planting years and the growth of fruit trees in the orchard resulted in the highest coefficient of variation in soil moisture. Under 2m soil layer, the average soil water content gradually increased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil water had less variation. The coefficient of variation was 0.90%-5.02%, which was a weak variability. From the aspect of soil moisture profile in the range of 0~10m, the soil moisture in the orchard of loessial loess is generally lower than 80% of the field water capacity in the loess gully region, and the water is relatively deficient. Except for the roots of fruit trees, there is no strong variability in the water levels at the other sections. This is basically the same as the variation in other regions.
China's Northwest Loess Plateau Gully Area is the base of apple planting and growth. Since the 1980s, the apple planting area in the area has been continuously expanding, and it has become China's largest and most productive apple main producing area. However, due to low precipitation in this area, strong evaporation, and deep groundwater burial, soil moisture is often in short supply. Therefore, soil moisture has become a major factor limiting the growth of fruit trees in the area. Studying the soil water status of orchards in the gully area of ​​the Loess Plateau is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of the local fruit industry, rational use of resources, and ecological benign circulation. The soil temperature and humidity recorder is one of the scientific instruments for detecting soil moisture and other related factors.