I. Diseases caused by survey factors Unexplained unfavorable geological conditions in the reservoir area, dam foundation, flood discharge pipeline, etc. may cause diseases such as landslides in the reservoir, deformation of the dam, leakage of dam foundations, rupture of drainage culverts, and collapse of drainage wells. The poor quality of the survey of the tailings dam and sedimentary beaches leads to unreliable conclusions such as stability analysis and flood discharge checking. Second, the disease caused by design factors Poor design quality is manifested in inaccurate basic data, improper design and technical demonstration methods, non-compliance with design specifications, unclear control requirements for reservoir water level and saturation line depth, or unrealistic requirements. Despite the current qualifications of the design unit, the above-mentioned factors have caused the phenomenon of disease operation in the tailings pond. The hidden dangers caused by this are that the stability and flood control capacity of the dam in the middle and later stages cannot meet the requirements of the design specifications. Secondly, the occurrence of fractures, cavitation, collapse and other diseases of drainage ditch buildings may also be caused by low skill or inexperience of designers. Third, the disease caused by construction factors In the initial dam construction, the incomplete foundation, the uneven density of the dam, the failure of the dam material to meet the requirements, and the improper laying of the filter layer may result in uneven settlement of the dam, leakage of the dam foundation or dam, and partial collapse of the dam at the later stage; The structure has honeycomb, pockmark or strength that is not up to standard. When the load is gradually increased, it will cause diseases such as falling blocks, leaking ribs, breakage, and even collapse. Fourth, the disease caused by improper operation and management In the long-term production process, common diseases and hidden dangers caused by improper operation are as follows: (1) The opening of the ore-mining branch pipe is too small, causing the slope of the sedimentary beach to be too slow, resulting in insufficient flood storage capacity; (2) Failure to evenly release ore, sedimentation of beaches one after another, resulting in local dam section dry beach is too short; (3) Long-term single-head mining, causing the slurry to flow along the dam, flushing the foot of the brush dam, and easily causing the fine-grain tailings to accumulate in front of the dam, seriously affecting the stability of the dam; (4) The ore deposit point is not exchanged for a long time, causing the slurry of the individual ore deposits to overflow and scouring the dam; (5) If the inspection is not timely, the leakage of the ore pipe will wash the dam; (6) The dam surface is not well maintained, and the rainwater washes the ditch. In severe cases, it will cause local dam section landslide; (7) The height of each sub-dam is too high, resulting in the deposition of thick layers of shear strength with very low shear strength and poor permeability, which raises the immersion line of the dam and is very unfavorable to the stability of the dam; (8) One-sided pursuit of return water quality and raising the water level of the reservoir, resulting in insufficient flood storage capacity; (9) Long-term inspection and maintenance of flood discharge structures, causing blockages, lacing, collapse and other hidden dangers were not discovered in time. V. Problems caused by improper management In the failure to effectively carry out the necessary review and supervision of survey, design, construction and operation; do not understand the design intent, unilaterally pursue economic benefits, fail to guide production according to design requirements; have a good fortune on flood control and earthquake prevention; knowing There are hidden dangers, and measures cannot be taken to eliminate them in time; the design has not been modified without the consent of the original design. 6. Diseases caused by other factors After heavy rains and earthquakes, it may cause diseases to dams and flood discharge structures: (1) Due to the nature of the ore or the change of the beneficiation process, the nature of the tailings is changed, and if the change is unfavorable to the stability of the dam and flood control, it will naturally become a hidden danger; (2) Due to the uncoordinated relationship between workers and peasants, the disturbances often cause hidden dangers in the tailings pond. For example, farmers in the upper reaches of the reservoir area or even within the reservoir area, mining, mining and so on.
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In the whole process of investigation, design, construction and use of the tailings pond, any link in the process may cause the tailings pond to be unable to be used normally. Among them, the diseases caused by poor production management, improper operation or external environmental factors are relatively easy to check and find; while hidden dangers caused by survey, design, construction or other reasons are not easy to show at the beginning of use, these often overlooked hidden dangers are often It is a disease that is difficult to remedy and manage.