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The thread profile is more than just a simple shape—it’s a precise and intricate design that plays a crucial role in the performance of threaded components. Each thread is defined by a set of **carefully calculated dimensions and angles**, which determine how well it functions when mated with another part. While you don’t need to be an expert on all these details, understanding some key elements—like the **flank angle**—can make a big difference in choosing the right tools for your project.
The **flank angle** is one of the most important features of a thread profile. It refers to the angle between the two sides (or flanks) of a thread’s cross-section. This angle is critical because it influences how the thread interacts with its mating component—especially in terms of **friction, self-locking, and ease of assembly**. For example, a smaller flank angle typically means less friction and easier loosening, making it ideal for motion threads. On the other hand, a larger flank angle provides better self-locking, which is essential for fastening applications where vibration or movement could cause loosening.
So, where exactly is the flank angle located? Imagine looking at a thread from the side, as if you're slicing through a screw or bolt. The thread appears as a series of peaks and valleys. The **flanks** are the sloped surfaces connecting these peaks. The **flank angle** is the angle formed between these two flanks. In pointed threads like the standard metric or imperial threads, this is easy to visualize. But even in non-pointed threads such as trapezoidal or round threads, the concept still applies. In those cases, we can imagine extending the flanks until they meet, forming a virtual point, and then measure the angle between them.
The choice of the correct flank angle has real-world consequences. In motion systems, such as lead screws or linear actuators, a **smaller flank angle** is preferred to reduce friction and improve efficiency. In contrast, fastening threads—like those used in bolts and nuts—require a **larger flank angle** to ensure a secure connection and prevent loosening over time.
Some of the most commonly used flank angles include:
- **60°**: Found in metric and imperial fastening threads (e.g., ISO metric, UNC, UNF).
- **55°**: Used in British Standard Whitworth (BSW, BSF) and British pipe threads.
- **30°–33°**: Common in movement threads like trapezoidal (Tr), saw (S), and round (Rd) threads.
- **29°**: Seen in American ACME threads, which are similar but slightly different from their metric counterparts.
There are also some unique and older thread types with unusual flank angles. For instance, **saw threads** often have **asymmetrical flanks**, with different angles on each side to accommodate one-sided loads. Some historical thread designs even had **zero-degree flank angles**, creating a square-shaped profile, though these were eventually replaced due to difficulties in manufacturing and wear resistance.
Whether you’re working with standard fasteners or specialized motion threads, knowing the correct flank angle is essential for ensuring compatibility and performance. At **BAER**, we offer a wide range of taps and dies tailored to various thread standards and flank angles. No matter what type of thread you’re working with, we’ve got the right tool to help you achieve precision and reliability. Explore our online store today, and feel free to reach out if you have any questions—our team is here to help!