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First, the structure of the blast furnace 
The copper blast furnace consists of the following parts.
(1) Furnace base and trolley The base of the copper blast furnace is generally constructed of reinforced concrete, and its thickness depends on factors such as the load of the furnace and the nature of the soil. Laying two fixed iron rail above the furnace base, a carriage placed on the tracks, with a small car jack, saliva hearth jacket against wind jacking. If the hearth is damaged, the movable trolley will be transported to the outside for repair. When the air outlet is damaged, it can also be removed separately.
There are four pillars on the base plane, and the weight of the shaft above the tuyere is on the pillars.
(2) Hearth The part from the horizontal centerline of the tuyere to the bottom of the furnace is called the hearth. A housing which is made of steel sheet, the 300 ~ 500mm thick masonry brick or brick magnesium, copper port and the discharge port slag brick chromium magnesite brick. The volume of the hearth should ensure sufficient clarification time for the molten copper and slag, and the volume of the furnace of the copper blast furnace with a cross-sectional area of ​​0.5 m 2 is about 0.2 m 3 . The bottom of the hearth of the hearth is slightly inclined to the copper outlet so that the furnace melt can be cleaned when the furnace is shut down. The diameter of the copper is 25 to 30 mm, and the slag opening is set at a position 370 mm above the copper outlet, and the diameter is also 25 to 30 mm.
(3) The tuyere water jacket is generally composed of six water jackets with a vertical height of about 1000 mm. The water jackets are bolted to each other and fastened to a special bracket, and the joint between the water jackets is filled with asbestos rope.
The water jacket is generally welded with boiler steel plate, and the water jacket wall of the furnace is made of thick steel plate. The thickness of the water jacket is generally 15-18 mm, the thickness of the outer wall of the water jacket is 10-12 mm, and the distance between the inner and outer walls is 100-140 mm. . [next]
There are two types of water jackets for blast furnaces, namely water cooling and vaporization cooling. The vaporization cooling water jacket has high cooling efficiency, water consumption, full utilization of waste heat, long life of the water jacket, and easy operation, so it is widely used.
The tuyere has a certain angle of inclination, called the belly angle. Generally, the furnace angle of the furnace type which is enlarged to the horizontal plane of the furnace top is large, and the airflow in the furnace is evenly distributed, but when it is too large, some fine-grained furnace materials are accumulated on the inclined wall of the water jacket to form a furnace knot. The commonly used belly angle is 5°-8°.
The lower part of each water jacket is opened with a tuyere, the diameter of the tuyere is generally 100-110 mm, and the angle of the tuyere is the angle between the center line of the tuyere tube and the plane of the tuyere is 6°.
(4) The furnace body The furnace body consists of two parts. From the feeding door to the outlet of the tuyere, the lower part of the furnace is the main reduction zone of the furnace. The furnace temperature of this section is low, and it can be built with clay bricks and reinforced with external steel plates. Above the feeding door to the lower part of the curved flue is the upper body, surrounded by a water jacket.
(5) Furnace cap and curved flue The hob is tapered, and has an exhaust port and is connected to the flue. The hob and the curved flue are made of water jackets.
(6) Clay masonry chimney straight, external steel reinforcement, the upper end is provided with a smoke when the chimney cap, for a small oven and containing volatile metal smelting furnace charge.
Second, the supporting equipment of the drum furnace
(1) Vaporization cooling system The vaporization cooling system of the copper blast furnace is mainly composed of three parts: a vaporized water jacket, a softened water system and a steam drum.
a. Vaporized water jacket The structure is basically the same as that of the water cooling water jacket, except that the outlet pipe is about 1/3 to 1/4 thicker than the inlet pipe.
b. Softened water system Natural water or industrial wastewater contains many impurities such as various salts of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, calcium and magnesium. When this water is directly introduced into the vaporized water jacket, the calcium and magnesium salts will be decomposed and precipitated into scale, thereby reducing the cooling efficiency, corroding the equipment, and even causing a safety accident, so the water needs to be treated in advance. Commonly used in ion exchange treatment, that is, using sulfonated coal or ion exchange resin and other chemicals, so that the water will completely convert calcium and magnesium ions before entering the water jacket, reducing the hardness of water.
c. Steam drum The steam drum is the main equipment for vaporization cooling. The steam drum is made of 12 to 16 mm thick boiler steel plates, the size of which depends on the steam production.
(2) Air supply system The copper blast furnace requires constant pressure and constant air supply. Both the Roots blower and the vane blower have this feature and are therefore available. The air sent by the blower is sent into the furnace through the total air duct, the annular air duct and the air duct into the air nozzle of the blast furnace. A hot air jacket can be installed at the curved flue, and the wind from the blower is preheated to 473-573K and then sent to the furnace to strengthen the melting process.
(3) Slag discharge system The slag discharged from the hearth is water quenched and then flows into the slag pool, and is lifted to the slag bin by a bucket elevator or a slag slag machine, and then transported away.
(4) Dust collection system The dust collection system of the copper blast furnace consists of a dust box, a cyclone dust collector, a cooler and a bag room.
Because the pH of the water in the aquarium tank will be reduced by the residue of nitrite and nitrate, it must be detected regularly, so as not to deteriorate the water quality, resulting in fish body discomfort and infection of diseases.
To know, the sea fish common large and small white spot disease, the vast majority is due to the pH change is too large and infected, special attention should be paid to: in the drug treatment should be adjusted during the pH and the correct monitoring of its changes, it will be easier to control the sea fish white spot disease.
Heteroaryl ordinary blast furnace copper smelting blast furnace is substantially the same in structure, there are two kinds of circular and rectangular. Since the diameter of the circular blast furnace is limited by the wind pressure, the size is small and the production capacity is small. In large-scale production, a rectangular blast furnace is usually used. Commonly used copper blast furnaces are mostly round, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the tuyere area is generally about 0.5 m2. The furnace type is that the tuyere area gradually expands upward to the reduction area and rises vertically, and its structure is as shown by force 1.
Figure 1 Structure of the copper blast furnace