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I. Land reclamation
Mining and mining inevitably occupy and destroy part of cultivated land, farmland, grassland or forest, affecting the environment and ecological balance. However, the occupied land can be restored through engineering measures and reused in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, deputy, fishery, tourism, industrial and civil sites. This is the land restoration and utilization of the mine, referred to as land reuse.
For sand gold deposit, gold mining ship will beach below 6 ~ 7m deep gravel dug out ground, the subsoil topsoil replaced by gravel, sand, clay formed a new surface structure, losing its original shape, became An inch of grass is not a "barren land." Every time the flood season or heavy rain came, the river overflowed and ran around, causing serious soil erosion. Downstream of the Sichuan Valley, there were phenomena such as turbid river water, high riverbed siltation, and floodplain. The surface organisms have been severely damaged and the ecology has lost its balance. So you must rebuild.
The land reuse project should take into account the mining process, that is, comprehensively consider the mining, transportation and dumping processes to form a unified mining-transport-discharge-land reuse process. In this way, it can not only ensure the rationality of the production process of the entire open pit mine, but also take into account the land reuse project and reduce the cost of land reuse. The measures are:
(1) Reduce the land occupation of the dumping site. The land of the Lucai gold mine is generally more than 50% of the total area. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally select the accumulation method of the excavation and tailings, increase the abandonment height, and combine the dumping site with the tailings field as much as possible. When there are conditions, the mining and abandonment process should be considered comprehensively, and the inner row should be implemented.
(2) Implementing district mining. In the open-pit mine field, district mining should be considered as much as possible to provide favorable conditions for restoring land. For example, in the premise of a reasonable mining sequence, the topsoil or the mining area without topsoil may be mined first. The topsoil stripped from the next mining area is discharged to the surface of the external dumping site in the former mining area for land reuse. When advancing in an oblique direction, the exfoliation of topsoil and rock can be carried out simultaneously so that topsoil can be used at any time.
(3) Pre-peeling. For the gold deposits of the gold deposits, the surface humus is pre-stripped and sent directly to the tailings piled up after the ship. After rebuilding, the trees can be planted. In combination with mining and recovery, gold mining vessels should be equipped with special bulldozers to ensure continuous operation of pre-stripping, mining, leveling and topsoil restoration, so that mining and reclaiming of soil can be carried out simultaneously.
(4) Renovation of the ship type. In the tailings mine, the addition of the tailings pump (sand pump) can make the gravel under the fine sand, which can reduce the height of the tailings pile, which is conducive to leveling the soil and restoring the vegetation.
(5) Formulating environmental protection plans. Plan for the remaining environmental debts, and manage them in stages and in batches. Try to reduce and eliminate the adverse effects of gold mining on the natural environment.
Second, mining area greening
Greening is a biological measure taken for the environmental protection of gold mines, which can reduce environmental pollution and damage to ecological balance due to gold mine development. Since various green plants have the ability to absorb and purify harmful components in the air, the effect of purifying the air can be achieved. At the same time, greening plants can improve the climatic conditions of the mining area, send the temperature, humidity, airflow and increase rainfall of the mining area, and then achieve the environment of beautifying the mining area.
The selection of greening tree species and vegetation should be easy to live, fast and easy to manage, and consider economic benefits as much as possible.