Beijing's Water Affairs Has Achieved Scientific Water Control in Water-scarce Cities

Let the river become the landscape of the city - a glimpse of the Forbidden City in Beijing.

The “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” is an innovative five-year and brilliant five-year history in the history of water development in Beijing.

In the past five years, Beijing Water has earnestly implemented the working ideas of "Construction of water resources for construction to transformation of water resources, and the transformation of rural water resources for urban and rural water affairs" proposed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. It has been driven by innovative institutional mechanisms to actively respond to the risk of water shortages. The challenge has ensured the successful completion of the activities of the Olympic Games and the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, providing comprehensive and reliable water security for the economic and social development of the capital.

The five years of achievement are impressive, encouraging, inspiring, and creating a spiritual wealth with far-reaching impact.

Innovate the institutional mechanism and improve the ability to guarantee

In the past five years, with the goal of unification, coordination, and efficiency, Beijing has continuously innovated and improved its water management system, improved its water administrative and management efficiency, and realized the entire process management from the source to the leader. In all aspects of water transfer, water distribution, water supply, water use, and water saving, the water system shows irreplaceable effectiveness.

In May 2004, the Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau was established. In the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, 14 districts and counties’ Water Affairs Bureaus, 114 grassroots water stations, 125 Farmers’ Water Associations and 3927 Village Branches were established one after another, further improving Water Affairs Level 4 Management system. The comprehensive management of water source protection, water supply, water saving, drainage, water environment treatment, and recycled water reuse has been realized. In particular, the city employed 10,800 rural water managers. Make up for the last 1km blank.

During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing has secured an average annual water demand of 3.6 billion cubic meters with an annual average of 2.1 billion cubic meters of water resources by optimizing the allocation of water resources, vigorously promoting water conservation, building emergency water sources, and expanding the use of recycled water. To ensure the safety of water supply in the capital.

Beijing also makes full use of surface water. The implementation of joint reservoir operation in the reservoir has enabled the connection of reservoirs in large, medium and small reservoirs. Every year, Miyun Reservoir and Huairou Reservoir are the centers to implement joint water resources scheduling. Since 2004, the total water resources of Miyun Reservoir has increased by more than 600 million cubic meters.

Innovative water management concept highlights the effectiveness of water

Over the past five years, Beijing Water Affairs has practiced the concept of “the conversion of rural water resources into urban and rural water resources, and the transformation of engineering water resources into resources and water resources”. It has increased the research and management of water resources and explored and realized the efficient use, intensive utilization and recycling of water resources in Beijing. way. The water efficiency of unilateral water was increased from 198 yuan to 368 yuan, the agricultural irrigation coefficient was 0.67, the rate of sewage resource utilization was increased from 30% to 59.6%, and water conservation was promoted by adhering to the concept of water, technology for water, and water for mechanism. In the construction of a type of society, the city has promoted five modes of recycling, water management, water saving, water saving, and public participation, achieving significant water savings. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP fell from 51 cubic meters to less than 30 cubic meters.

In the protection of water sources, Beijing has explored the establishment of three defense lines and the construction of a clean watershed working model. For the first time, it has determined that rivers, water environment, sewage, garbage, and toilets should be treated simultaneously in the water source area. After several years of governance, the outskirts of the mountainous area The Qingquan River converges into a stream, effectively ensuring the safety of water sources.

The governance of rivers in the capital has changed from the rivers where engineering is managing rivers to rivers that are ecologically controlled. The transformation of individual rivers to the comprehensive management of river basins has changed, and the function of rivers has changed from ensuring urban security to serving the urban environment and planning and construction. Creating a water environment, making the river a river with water, an ecological river, and a safe river become a reality. In the five years, the water environment in both urban and rural areas has been significantly improved, and water systems within the Sixth Ring Road have been completed. The water quality of the center rivers and lakes remains Class III.

Innovate social management and strengthen government functions

Over the past five years, Beijing Water has been adhering to the needs of society and relying on system management to continuously strengthen its water service functions and improve the water management level. In the past five years, 10 local regulations and 9 government regulations have been formulated, and a series of regulations, standards and procedures have been formulated. By means of administrative examination and approval, nearly 3,000 items of water-related administrative licenses have been accepted and all have been completed within the prescribed time limit.

Strengthen water-saving management and fully implement water quota management. The industry water standards have been formulated, and nearly 30,000 social units have been included in the scope of management. Over-fixed incremental charges have been made. Large water users with annual water consumption of more than 100,000 cubic meters sign water contracts every year. In the five years, the total amount of water used in Beijing has remained at 3.5 billion cubic meters. Industrial water consumption dropped from 1.05 billion cubic meters to 520 million cubic meters.

Strict assessment system. The relevant departments such as the Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, and the Municipal Bureau of Finance will conduct assessments each year to reward for merits and weaknesses. The Municipal Water Affairs Bureau and the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau established the city's surface water quality report and publicity system. Monthly monitoring of the city's 104 rivers, 2545.6 kilometers of rivers, 22 lakes of 7.196 million square meters, and the quality of 18 large and medium-sized reservoirs. The monthly monitoring and evaluation results will be publicized on the websites of the Municipal Water Affairs Bureau and the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

Innovative ways of development, services to protect people's livelihood

In the past five years, the protection of water resources has started from the source. In the upper reaches of the reservoir and around the reservoir, a 6,000-square-kilometer water source protection zone has been established. The most stringent water resources protection system has been implemented to control source pollution and allow citizens to drink water with confidence.

Combine the construction of new countryside to do a good job in the protection of water sources, guide farmers to adjust their industrial structure, develop the ditch economy, clean their production, control surface-source pollution of agricultural and chemical fertilizers, build small rural sewage treatment facilities, protect water sources, and beautify the environment.

In order to allow farmers to drink safe water and rest assured of water, the city’s Water Affairs Bureau and related departments have been making unremitting efforts for four consecutive years since 2005. A total of 144 centralized water supply plants, more than 3,000 village-level water supply stations, and new water supply facilities have been built. Install filtration and disinfection facilities to meet the city's water supply standards. 3.29 million farmers in the whole city drink safe water.

The implementation of four-grade water quality monitoring system, the city initially formed a water quality monitoring network to ensure the safety of urban water supply. The water quality of the entire process is monitored for source water, factory water, pipe network water and peripheral water. In 2008, it took the lead in the country to implement the country's newly issued 106 water quality standards.

With the development of cities and the increase of population, water supply capacity has been continuously enhanced. At present, there are 11 waterworks plants in the urban area. The daily water supply capacity reaches 3.02 million cubic meters. The water supply pipe network has developed to more than 8,000 kilometers, and the water service area has reached more than 800 square kilometers. .

To reduce pollution and promote the recycling of sewage, Beijing City has built 9 large-scale sewage treatment plants. The annual sewage treatment capacity has increased from 700 million cubic meters to more than 1.10 billion cubic meters. The sewage treatment rate has increased from 62.4% to 95%.

Innovate Water Technology and Improve Support Capacity

In the past five years, Beijing has undertaken a total of 358 science and technology projects at all levels, including 107 major science and technology projects at or above the municipal level, including major national science and technology projects, and national 863 key projects. Establish international exchange and technological cooperation mechanisms and actively explore advanced technologies in water resources protection, water resources utilization, water environmental governance, and rainwater utilization. Water science research and the popularization of scientific and technological achievements have laid a solid foundation for the scientific development of water affairs.

Relying on science and technology, the prevention and control system for eutrophication in Miyun Reservoir was researched, and a management idea was put forward for “sheltering mountains and keeping water, entering villages to control floods, and entering rivers to protect water”. This technology integrates engineering, management, biological and ecological measures, and has a remarkable effect on the protection of water resources. The upstream has implemented returning farmland to forests and rice to dryness, promoting eco-agricultural construction, strengthening the control and control of industrial, agricultural, and domestic pollution sources; constructing wetlands and other ecosystems at the entrance to the reservoir; and reclaiming farmland and grassland to restore the reservoir ecosystem. With the implementation of various water quality improvement measures, under the condition of ensuring normal water supply, the storage of Miyun Reservoir will rise and the water quality will maintain Class II standards.

Collaborate with the capital's scientific and technological forces to build a 21,000 square meter multi-model eco-protection demonstration project in the Binbin area; establish a hydrological model at the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir, a groundwater model in the plain area, and a simulation model for the urban water supply system to improve urban water resource management ; carried out a comprehensive study of rainwater collection, utilization and treatment, and built six rainwater demonstration projects. The city has built 1,350 rainwater collection and utilization facilities with a water storage capacity of 50 million cubic meters. In the downstream, three large-scale stormwater stagnant areas have been built, and 70 million cubic meters of rainwater can be comprehensively utilized.

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